Morals and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Morals and Ethics - Essay Example Understanding the ways in which ethics and morals may conflict and converge and, how actions may be judged as moral but not ethical, and vice-versa, it is important to define these two concepts. According to the Webster dictionary, the term ethics refers to a set of moral principles whose application allow for the differentiation between right and wrong. On the basis of this definition, it would seem that ethics and morals are inseparable, whereby that which is ethical is, by definition, also moral. This is not true. Once again referring to the Webster dictionary, one finds that moral systems tend to be universal while ethical principles tend to be specific. That is, while morals refer to universal understandings of right and wrong, good and bad, ethics refer to particular understandings, which derive from professional or cultural codes of conduct, among others. Therefore, even though the concepts of ethics and morals are interrelated, they are ultimately distinct. On the basis of the definitions resented, it is evident that the colonial officer's actions were ethical but they were not moral. Within the bounds of his professional duties and his responsibility to protect the Burmese, his shooting of the elephant was an ethical act. The elephant, who suffered an "attack of must" (Orwell, para. 6), had wreaked havoc upon the market and the hut dwellers, not to mention the fact that it had stomped upon an old man and killed him by partially burying him, head down, in the mud. The elephant had proved himself dangerous and his owner, the only person who could control him, was not in the vicinity. Given the officer's profession and its associate responsibilities and duties, shooting and killing the elephant was ethical insofar as it meant terminating the danger which this beast represented to the defenseless. While it may have been an ethical act, the shooting of the elephant was not a moral one. There are several reasons why his action was immoral. In the first place, the officer did not shoot the beast because he represented a danger at that time but, because the crowd expected him to. In the second place, the shooting was not inspired by a sense of professional responsibility towards the safety and the welfare of the villagers but by the desire not to be laughed at. In the third place, the officer shot the elephant even though his moral instincts told him that this was wrong. Consequently, in acting as he did, Orwell's colonial officer did not just disregard his own moral judgment but his actions were not motivated by any sense of professional ethics or notion of responsibility towards the villagers. Indeed, he even expressed happiness/satisfaction that the elephant had killed a coolie so that his shooting of the elephant may be morally and ethically justifiable. It is on this basis th at his actions must ultimately be judged as immoral even though they are seemingly consistent with his professional ethics. The doctor, or medical resident's actions are a complete reversal of those of Orwell's officer as they comply with morality but not with professional ethics. The doctor was, to all intents and purposes, trapped in a situation wherein morals and ethics collided. On the one hand, he was confronted with an injured man who, if he did not try to

Ethics of Bribery and Kickbacks Essay Example for Free

Ethics of Bribery and Kickbacks Essay Ethics of Bribery and Kickbacks Introduction            Following a careful observation, the gulf state should be deprived of the right to host the FIFA 2022 world cup following controversial payments of a huge sum of money to a former official along with his family. This raises ethical concerns since it breaks virtues of ethics as discussed in this paper. There should be an investigation to probe the payment of an unaccounted sum of two million dollars by the Qatari firm to justify the payments and if possible exonerate the firm from the corruption allegations. It would be in appropriate to allow such a controversial state to host a worldwide event such as the world cup with participants from all over the world, thus calls have been made from around the globe to the world’s football governing body to re re-run the bid to host this event. According to Sugden et.al, (1998) corruption breaches the ethics of virtues since it harms many people.            It has been formally announced that Qatar will be hosting the hilarious FIFA world cup in 2022. This is after a secret ballot vote by the FIFA Executive committee that was held in Zurich December 2010. A maximum of five candidates had presented their bids in anticipation of hosting the world’s spectacular sporting event. Again, according to utilitarian principle of ethics this is not right; it yields fewer benefits to a large number of people. Although Qatar views this as a great achievement, the FIFA officials who gave Qatar the privileged to host the 2022 world cup are to be compelled to justify this decision beyond reasonable doubt to the FIFA investigator following some disclosures from the telegraph. Michael Garcia who happens to be the chief investigator of the ethics committee has travelled to Zurich to hold numerous interviews following consistent pressures on FIFA to re run the bid once more (Scharfenort, 2012).            These meetings have been precipitated by some telegraph inquiry that disclosed how FIFA’s previous vice president along with his family were paid 2 million dollars from a firm that was linked to Qatar’s victorious bid. Although the particulars of who the executive committee chooses to support are usually high profile and secretly kept, the board members however are expected to be accountable for any breach of the bidding rules inclusive of the complicity between bids (Amara, 2007).            A spokesperson from the Qatar’s world cup organizing committee said that the bid committee strictly followed all the FIFA binding rules and regulations in full compliance with their standard ethical codes. He further claims that the highest committee for delivery and all the individuals concerned with 2022 bid committee are not aware of any allegations regarding dealings of any nature between private individuals. This is obviously a sophisticated cover up of the corruption allegations since the committee seems to have overlooked some serious allegations following telegraph disclosures which incriminated Qatar’s vice president, thus it is irrational to give a bid to host a world event to country with corrupt leaders and officials (Grix, 2012).            The chairperson of the parliamentary culture, sport and media committee argues that the controversial payments made to the Qatar’s former vice president along with his family is an adequate proof that the credibility of the whole process of selecting Qatar as the country to host the 2022 FIFA world cup is compromised, hence such process is subject to probing.            The ethics involved in bribery and kickbacks with regard to the National society of professional Engineers (NSPE) includes; †¢Striving to serve the public interest †¢Avoiding all conduct and practices that deceives the members of public †¢Avoiding any attempt to obtain employment, advancement or any professional engagement by improper or questionable methods. †¢Acceptance of personal responsibility for all professional activities. †¢Giving credit for any professional work to whom credit is due and not to whom credit is not worth. †¢Avoiding influence in professional duties by conflicting interest. References Amara, M. (2007). When the Arab world was mobilised around the FIFA 2006 World Cup. Journal of North African Studies, 12(4), 417-438. Grix, J. (2012). ‘Image’leveraging and sports mega-events: Germany and the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Sport Tourism, 17(4), 289-312. Scharfenort, N. (2012). Urban Development and Social Change in Qatar: The Qatar National Vision 2030 and the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Arabian Studies, 2(2), 209-230. Sugden, J Tomlinson, A., Darby, P. (1998). FIFA Versus UEFA in the Struggle for the Control of World Football (pp. 11-31). A. Brown (Ed.). London: Routledge. Source document

Tennessee Williams: One of the Greatest and Most Controversial Playwrig

Tennessee Williams was known as one of the greatest and most controversial playwrights in American history. He once said â€Å"I believe that writing or any form of creative work was never meant by nature to be a man’s way of making a living, that when it becomes one it almost certainly loses a measure of purity† (Lewis 54). This statement shows that Williams was a genuine writer who wrote with finesse. He used his plays and poems to express his own thoughts and did not stifle an idea because the public would not agree with it. Williams was known for his Southern Gothic writing style. This is â€Å"a style of writing practiced by many writers of the American South whose stories set in that region are characterized by grotesque, macabre, or fantastic incidents† (â€Å"Southern gothic†). Some critics believe that Williams had sacrificed his talent to prosper in wealth; however, other critics believe his writings were original works of art. When Williamsâ₠¬â„¢ lover Frank Merlo died, he became very despondent and his writing began to languish. His plays were becoming less and less desirable and the amount of time each was on Broadway was decreasing little by little. Williams’ beginning writings were works of art, but they became predictable as time went on. Although he did use a lot of recurring themes and symbols, each individual piece had a life and moral value of its’ own. Williams was born March 26, 1911. His mother and father were Edwina and Cornelius Williams respectively. His mother was the divine essence of a southern belle whose main focus was being of high social standards. His father was a besotted shoe salesman who would later be claimed as the reason for Williams’ homosexuality. Williams’ siblings include Rose and Dakin Williams. It is ... ...odreads Inc, 2007. Web. 31 Mar. 2012. . Shmoop Editorial Team. "Tennessee Williams Awards" Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. Smith, Nicole. "The Tragic Figure of Laura in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams." Article Myriad. Article Myriad, 6 Dec. 2011. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. . "Southern gothic." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. . Print. "Tennessee Williams." - Quotes, Biography, Quote, Works, Festival, Poetry, Poems, Bio, Writing Style, Autobiography, Bibliography. N. p. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. .

Bell Curve

The Bell Curve is a controversial, best-selling 1994 book by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray exploring the role of intelligence in American life. The book became widely read and debated due to its discussion of race and intelligence in Chapters 13 and 14. Named for the bell-shaped normal distribution of IQ scores, the book claims there to have been the rise of a â€Å"cognitive elite† having a significantly higher than average chance of succeeding in life. Within both the mainstream media and the scientific community, large numbers of people rallied to both support and criticize the book.The Bell Curve is fairly large for a book of its popularity, having 845 pages in the first printing and 879 in the revised paperback form. Much of its material is technical and academic, but the book's statistical explanations are styled to appeal to a general audience. The Bell Curve is divided into four sections. First, argues that social stratification on the basis of intelligence has been increasing since the beginning of the twentieth century. Second, presents original research showing significant correlations between intelligence and various social and economic outcomes.For instance, based on data as of 1989 this section shows that among Whites intelligence level (cognitive class) is a better predictor of poverty than parents' socioeconomic class. Third, by far the most controversial, examines what role IQ plays in contributing to social and economic differences between ethnic groups in America. Finally, discusses the implications of the findings for education and social policy in the United States. Of course, Bell curve is scientific. Both the American Psychological Association and the Human Genome Project have denounced the science behind The Bell Curve.Its authors were unqualified to speak on either genetics or intelligence, since their expertise lay in other fields. Their project did not rise through the usual system of academic publishing, and in fact the authors ducked the process of peer review. The Bell Curve was ultimately funded by the wealthy, far-right Bradley Foundation, which used its media connections to launch a massive national publicity campaign. And The Bell Curve relies heavily on studies that were financed by the Pioneer Fund, a neo-Nazi organization that promotes eugenicist research.The persons that are responsible in bell curve were Charles Murray and Richard Herrnstein. Charles Alan Murray (born 1943) is an influential conservative American policy writer and researcher. He is most widely known for Losing Ground, his influential work on welfare reform, Human Accomplishment, a quantification and ranking of well-known scientists and artists and as co-author (with Richard J. Herrnstein) of The Bell Curve in 1994, exploring the role of intelligence in American life.He's written several other books on modern social issues and politics, and has sometimes written on libertarian perspectives. Richard J. Herrnstein (May 20, 1930—September 13, 1994) was a prominent researcher in comparative psychology who did pioneering work on pigeon intelligence employing the Experimental Analysis of Behavior and formulated the â€Å"Matching Law† in the 1960s, a breakthrough in understanding how reinforcement and behavior are linked. He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of psychology at Harvard University and worked with B. F.Skinner in the Harvard pigeon lab, where he did research on choice and other topics in behavioral psychology. Herrnstein became more broadly known for his work on the correlation between race and intelligence, first in the 1970s, then with Charles Murray, discussed in their controversial best-selling 1994 book, The Bell Curve. Herrnstein died shortly before the book was released. The row over school vouchers, whose advocates endlessly take it for granted that poor performance by students reflects only inadequacies by the teaching profession inadequacies among the learners being a huge unmentionable.The President's astounding proposal that all American youngsters, including those with IQs at the left tail, should have at least two years of college. The expressions of surprise and rage when it turned out that, in the absence of affirmative action, prestigious law schools would be admitting hardly any black students. Eugenics is a social philosophy, which advocates the improvement of human hereditary traits through various forms of intervention. The purported goals have variously been to create healthier, more intelligent people, save society's resources, and lessen human suffering.Earlier proposed means of achieving these goals focused on selective breeding, while modern ones focus on prenatal testing and screening, genetic counseling, birth control, in vitro fertilization, and genetic engineering. Opponents argue that eugenics is immoral and is based on, or is itself, pseudoscience. Historically, eugenics has been used as a justification for coercive state-s ponsored discrimination and human rights violations, such as forced sterilization of persons with genetic defects, the killing of the institutionalized and, in some cases, genocide of races perceived as inferior.In the social aspect of bell curve, the publication of Herrnstein and Murray's The Bell Curve enraged readers with its controversial racial and intellectual agenda, which suggested that certain groups of children are genetically unable to learn because of their race and, therefore, unworthy of the educational attention and financial resources that flow from federal and state governments Gottfredson, Linda S. â€Å"Mainstream Science on Intelligence†. Published in The Wall Street Journal, December 13, 1994, and also in Intelligence, January-February 1997. http:www. //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve.

Pros and cons of online research Essay

Technology Advisory Board is a leading international online marketing research and marketing consulting firm where engineers, scientists, computer scientists, information systems professionals, software developers, web developers, and executives in technology industries all over the world come to share ideas, opinions, and suggestions by participating in online research interviews and scientific surveys. The site also believes that respondent will learn as a panel member about upcoming technology trends and developments (since respondent have access to survey results giving one an opportunity to learn what one peers are thinking anytime). In addition, as a panel member one can earn extra cash by participating in an online survey or discussion and the amount depends on the length of the survey or discussion. The site also helps major international corporations, governmental agencies, and universities better informed about intelligent decisions relating to technology-related issues, new equipment and devices, and new software systems and services. The site faces a lot of challenges that will be discussed in the next paragraph. One of the obstacles to collecting information internationally from the panel members is the lack of consistency by the site information. Respondent have to update account each time he/she is to login into his account and the account information is not well documented. This can frustrate the respondent thereby hindering one of the objectives of the site in getting adequate views and opinions of respondents. The unavailability of the site services to all countries is another negative effect the site is facing as a global online research marketer. When some countries are restricted in participating, then I believe it is not a global marketing research marketer. In addition to the percentage of households without internet access in the world, technology advisory board must take the opportunity of reaching the remaining segment of people with access to internet through innovative ways of conducting the research. One option is to encourage the use of offline means of participating, since the online means is the only one used. Another option is using both the qualitative and the quantitative statistical models to get respondent views either offline or online. Lastly, technology advisory board can introduce offline e-mail survey which is inexpensive compared to the conventional online survey. However, the site makes use of the advantage of the versatility that the increased penetration of broadband offers online research marketers. In addition, the online survey is very fast in terms of getting speedy opinions and views from respondents. More importantly, online research marketers should develop marketing strategies not just from the findings of online research, but also the offline findings. What they can do is to encourage the introduction or use of the offline findings. They can do this by introducing new strategies in form of sending offline mails to panel members and require their opinions. In addition, they could introduce the use of feedbacks in their sites by asking respondents to give views about how the marketing research can be improved. On the other hand, both qualitative and quantitative research is needed before strategy can be defined by the marketers and this is necessary in forming new ways of improving online marketing research. In conclusion, the use of online marketing research has only being on the increased in the US than any other country in the world. I think this service should be encouraged especially in Asian, African and Latin American countries where it is believed marketers can capture demand in the nearest future. References Survey: Internet Should Remain Open to All. Marketing Memos: The Pro and Cons of Online Research Retrieved May 14, 2010, from http://www. consumeraffairs. com Technology Advisory Board (2010) Retrieved May 14, 2010, from http://www. technologyboard. com Consumers Losing Confidence in Online Commerce, Banking. Retrieved May 14, 2010, from http://www. consumeraffairs. com

4 traits all great talent acquisition teams should have

4 traits all great talent acquisition teams should have Here’s a simple business truth: In any company, regardless of age, focus, or industry, you’re only as good as your talent- which also means that you’re only as good as your talent acquisition team.It’s true- talent acquisition is an essential aspect of any strategic, forward-thinking business, and with the intense level of competition among companies at all tiers vying to build the best teams possible, you better make sure that the individuals in charge of sourcing, vetting, and acquiring new candidates for your company are at the top of their games.While there’s no simple â€Å"one size fits all† formula for building a great talent acquisition team, there are some things that you should look out for when building your team, in an effort to stack the odds in your favor that you have effective recruiting professionals working for you. HR Blog recently published an article that highlights some of the qualities you should keep an eye out for whe n building your team. Consider the following to help guide your team-building efforts!Stellar communication skillsIt’s no surprise that great recruiters are usually great communicators who possess the skills to attract top-tier potential candidates, hold their interest and make them realize how important and valued they are, get them excited at the prospect of joining your company, and convince them that your company is the best choice for their next great professional opportunity. In today’s rapidly evolving work world, where top-tier talent has more options than ever before, the ability of your recruiting team to attract and acquire new talent is critical. If recruiters can’t sell you on the idea that they’re effective professionals, how are they ever going to sell candidates on the idea of joining your team? Make sure you hire individuals with top-notch communication skills to staff your talent acquisition team.The ability to self-manageGreat recruiter s are tireless professionals who seem to operate at higher frequencies than mere mortal employees, and must be experts at managing their own schedules and juggling their constantly rotating list of priorities. According to the HR Blog, â€Å"Recruiters are usually rather busy. Great recruiters are busy doing the tasks that will create the most value for the company. You have to be able to prioritize and manage your time. You need to know when to say no and where to go that extra mile. Of all the attributes you need as a recruiter, understanding what to prioritize might be the most difficult thing. This competency comes from experience in understanding all elements related to recruitment, and often takes some time to achieve.† When you’re staffing your talent acquisition team, make sure you hire self-directed leaders who possess the ability to manage both their time and your company’s needs.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Organ izational knowledgeIn order to effectively sell your company to potential candidates and address any and all questions and concerns that could arise on interviews and during recruiting calls, your recruiters will need to have an unparalleled and in-depth knowledge of your company- from its history to its organization and future plans and everything in-between. Bottom line: don’t send out any recruiter to represent your company who doesn’t have an understanding of your company and business down cold. Remember, in many instances recruiters will make your first impression to potential talent for you, and you always want it to be a good one.Great instinctsEffective recruiters have great innate instincts for talent- both obvious and not-so-obvious- which includes both the all-stars and oddballs who typically move the needle, disrupt the status quo, and lead to real innovation and growth. You should be operating with complete faith that the talent acquisition professionals o n your team will be able to unearth real talent and potential at all levels.Are you looking to build a killer talent acquisition team for your business? If so, then consider the qualities mentioned here when vetting recruiters. Good luck!

Free Essays on The Influence Of Rap

The Influence of Rap Music Rap music has many negative influences in our culture and society today. Rap music is a â€Å"genre of rhythm and blues music that consists of rhythmic vocals declaimed over musical accompaniment. The accompaniment generally consists of electric drum beats combined with digitally isolated sound bites from other musical recordings.†(www.rap.com) Rap music has been categorized as, â€Å"A cultural evolution of the Black oral tradition and contemporary resistance rhetoric.† (Smitherman,1997,p.21) Over time rap music has developed a lot of controversy in many ways, especially amongst parental units and their teenagers. One controversy is woman and how they are degraded in the lyrics. Another reason that Rap music causes problems today is by the way that they portray drugs, alcohol and money to be something they are not. In Rap music violence is talked about frequently to be a normal part of life. The criterion to bad rap music is explicit lyrics and negative influences on the youth today. They talk about murder, rape, and assault as though they were okay. Almost everybody and everything that has to do with rap music is associated with drugs and alcohol. The ways that rappers address woman in their lyrics as â€Å"Bitches† and â€Å"Hos† give teenage males the excuse to do so as well. The lyrics rappers use today depict woman in many ways. Not only do they call women by derogatory names, but also they portray women as property and not people. For instance songs like, â€Å"Back That Ass Up†, â€Å"The Thong Song†, and â€Å"I Like Big Butts† all make women look as though they are nothing to men but sex symbols. Many rappers Make it seem like beating and killing their wife or girlfriend will make them a bigger man, when in reality it is frowned upon. For example, rapper Eminen talks about killing his ex wife, putting her in the front seat of his car and driving around town watching everyone laugh at her. ... Free Essays on The Influence Of Rap Free Essays on The Influence Of Rap The Influence of Rap Music Rap music has many negative influences in our culture and society today. Rap music is a â€Å"genre of rhythm and blues music that consists of rhythmic vocals declaimed over musical accompaniment. The accompaniment generally consists of electric drum beats combined with digitally isolated sound bites from other musical recordings.†(www.rap.com) Rap music has been categorized as, â€Å"A cultural evolution of the Black oral tradition and contemporary resistance rhetoric.† (Smitherman,1997,p.21) Over time rap music has developed a lot of controversy in many ways, especially amongst parental units and their teenagers. One controversy is woman and how they are degraded in the lyrics. Another reason that Rap music causes problems today is by the way that they portray drugs, alcohol and money to be something they are not. In Rap music violence is talked about frequently to be a normal part of life. The criterion to bad rap music is explicit lyrics and negative influences on the youth today. They talk about murder, rape, and assault as though they were okay. Almost everybody and everything that has to do with rap music is associated with drugs and alcohol. The ways that rappers address woman in their lyrics as â€Å"Bitches† and â€Å"Hos† give teenage males the excuse to do so as well. The lyrics rappers use today depict woman in many ways. Not only do they call women by derogatory names, but also they portray women as property and not people. For instance songs like, â€Å"Back That Ass Up†, â€Å"The Thong Song†, and â€Å"I Like Big Butts† all make women look as though they are nothing to men but sex symbols. Many rappers Make it seem like beating and killing their wife or girlfriend will make them a bigger man, when in reality it is frowned upon. For example, rapper Eminen talks about killing his ex wife, putting her in the front seat of his car and driving around town watching everyone laugh at her. ...

7 Tips to Automate Social Media Marketing Like a Boss - CoSchedule Blog

7 Tips to Automate Social Media Marketing Like a Boss Blog I saw a speaker at a big conference tell thousands of marketers  that automating social media posting  is evil. This was my first thought: Uh. What? That is TERRIBLE advice. ^  Thats all caps, bold, italics, and underline. Because its really stupid advice. Heres why. In general, automating your social media posts  can help you: Schedule  once and reap long-term benefits. Get more results with less effort. Communicate consistently and intelligently with your following. Of course, there are automation fails you should probably avoid like automatically replying to mentions that contain positive words. Because you might just end up looking like this: Image curated from this post from Spokal. So  what should you automate? Automate the social media posts that share your content and curated content. Its that simple. Your other option is to take that speakers advice and: Sit in front of your computer all day long. Memorize the best times + days to post on every social network. Set up reminders on your Google Calendar to help you post at those times. Write messages and design graphics on the fly when its time to post. Log in and out of every social network account you manage. Try to multi-task (even though its been proven that multi-tasking decreases your productivity). Feel stressed out all day long. ^ That sounds terrible, doesnt it? ;) Automation Youre Already Super Comfortable With Let me compare automatically posting your social media content to something youre already super  comfortable with scheduling. You aim to have several blog posts complete for at least a couple weeks from now. That way, you dont have to stress at the last second, and post content that might not be up to your standards of performance. You schedule those blog posts. Thats a form of automation. With automatic social media posting, you write and design your content, then simply schedule it to share at a later date. This automation helps you complete  and schedule your work at one time to eliminate the tedious, manual busywork that would otherwise force you to multitask and dramatically decrease your productivity. Social media automation eliminates tedious, manual busywork.3 Social Media Automation Myths So lets look at  some of the illogic against automatically sharing your social media content. Here are some things people say: 1. Automated Social Media Posts Are Penalized Buffer compiled original research comparing organically posted Facebook messages against messages posted  from a third-party tool. The findings? Posts from third-party tools, like (and Buffer, which  nicely integrates with), do not receive less engagement than  natively posted Facebook messages. 2. Automated Social Marketing  Is Impersonal You still need to write  your messages and design the  visuals youll share. ^ This takes a personal touch. If anything, dedicating time to write and design your content ahead of schedule should help you create better content. You wont be creating on the fly and posting instantly, which gives you the opportunity to strategize rather than react. With automation, you simply decide to share that content at a later time. 3. Automatic Social Media Posting Strips Engagement You still need to plan time to respond + engage with your audience when they share your content, reply to your social shares, and reach out to you. ^ This is not something to automate. 7 Tips  To  Automate Social Media Posts Like A Boss 1.  Plan A Variety Of Messages  For  Each Newsfeed Sure, you can share content  headlines. But  as your audience looks at your newsfeed on any social network, youll want a variety of message types that tend to work extremely well. Think about: Pro Tip: Use the Headline Analyzer built into  your marketing calendar to brainstorm many versions of your headlines for social shares. This practice allows you to share the same piece of content across multiple networks multiple times without making it feel like youre just sharing the same thing over and over when you automate. 2. Write For Each Network While advice on writing for social media generally spans all networks, there are mechanics to consider with your text. You will want to write multiple  messages for each network, especially if you plan to recycle those in your social media automation. 3. Design For Each Network Like the actual text in your social media messages,  optimize your visuals for each network. 4. Create A Posting Schedule For Every Piece Of Content You Publish + Curate By this point, youve written multiple engaging social media messages for each network. Youve also designed and optimized your visuals for each network. Now its time to think about scheduling and automating those social media messages.   helps you organize a posting schedule you can reuse again and again. Its called Social Templates. That feature helps you create a social media campaign template once, then reuse it later to save you from the  tedious, manual busywork of social media scheduling. In your calendar, open the piece of content you want to share. Then add the Social Campaign. Click on the Social Templates icon, and + Create New Template. Name your Social Template, then use Social Helpers to create placeholders where youll later place your actual social media message content. I think of Social Helpers like form fields: You are creating the template youll fill in and reuse again and again later on. So Social Helpers are reminders of what you want to include  in your posting schedule. You can use Social Helpers tons of different ways but if you took my advice and wrote and designed engaging messages for each network, Id label your text helpers and image helpers to complement one another. Let me show you by example. Lets say you wrote and designed three Facebook messages. In your Social Template, create Social Helpers for each of the three messages with a Text Helper and Image Helper to complement each other. This will ensure you match up your content the way youd expect: Text Helper: {facebook1} Image Helper: {facebook1} Text Helper: {facebook2} Image Helper: {facebook2} Text Helper: {facebook2} Image Helper: {facebook2} You get the idea. Now you can flesh out a posting schedule for every network in one place. After  youve created your Social Template,  apply it to your content and fill in the Social Helpers with the messages youve created. Now youll automatically share engaging content well beyond the moment you wrote your social media messages. Social Templates are available in all new marketing calendars! 5. Automatically Share At The Best Times For Each Social Network As you create your  posting schedule, its helpful to know the best times to post  on each network. Youre more likely to get the engagement, shares, and traffic you deserve by automatically sharing your content when each specific networks audience is most active: Luckily for you, this data is  built right into . As you set up your Social Template and schedule your messages, you can leave your default schedule setting on Best Time. will automatically share your message on the day you schedule at the best time to increase your engagement. Its a nifty feature we call Best Time Scheduling, and its available in  all new marketing calendars. That means you get all the benefits of reaching your audience without having to remember all the tedious data  about when each networks  users are typically active. 6. Share The Perfect Amount On  Each Network Even when you set up campaigns for each piece of content you publish and curate, there will be times when youre missing  engagement opportunities: So how can you fill in the gaps in your posting schedule to  share the perfect amount to every social network, every day?

Use book content to explain 5 video Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Use book content to explain 5 video - Essay Example These organizations adopt different strategies to manage respective production operations. Notably, quality control and technology are the most common things among the five videos (Russell and Taylor 54). In the video on how to make Jeans, quality control is very prominent. The making of jeans includes choosing the fabric, designing patterns, and tailoring. Manufactures enhance the quality of denim jeans by choosing unique textiles and high quality fabric for denim and pocketing since denims are seemingly too thin. As such, they chose â€Å"jeans-grade" denim that guarantee high quality denim jeans. Cotton is a high quality material for denim jeans. The fabric distinguishes denim jeans from other off-the-rack jeans. The manufactures washes and dries the fabric to make it easier to work with. The process also ensures that finished denim jeans are fitting. The process also entails roughening up which adds quality to the jeans. The manufactures use modern technologies to trim and design patterns for the denim jeans. In the video on how to make skateboards, quality control is supreme. The manufactures use high quality materials that include veneer, tie bond glue, router of rasp, and molded press. Notably, veneer defines a hard rock maple that prevents the skateboards from vibrating. Moreover, the hard maple made from oak wood prevents the skateboard from breaking since it is strong. On the other hand, the tie bond glue guarantees a strong bond thus creating a durable skateboard. To add on quality, manufactures adopt a specific arrangement of venners. The venners follow one another in layers that include the Face, Core layer, Cross band, Core layer, Cross Band, Core layer, and a final Face. The molded press enhances compatibility of the skateboards. In the video on how to make cosmetics, it is clear that quality is supreme. The process of making cosmetics includes ingredients that must have the approval of the FDA. It involves color additives that

Human Resource Management at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Human Resource Management at Work - Essay Example In this approach, there is not much focus on the human resource. The contemporary approach focuses on competencies and the employees’ commitment to the organisation. The principle behind the contemporary approach is that if the employees are happy, the organisation progresses too. Talents and capabilities of the employees are maximized, and are linked to the goals of the organisation. The contemporary approach is based on the principle that the people are the organisation’s greatest asset (Armstrong, 2006, p. 3). HRM provides effective management of the staff, retention, and turnover processes, and selection of employees that fit with both the organisational strategy and culture, and the cost effective utilisation of employees through investment in identified human capital. The first part of this paper focuses on theories and concepts, while the second part is concentrated on a particularly industry, the automotive industry, with Toyota as the particular organization battling the forces of organisational and external environment. The last part is a reflective diary which details this author’s personal experiences in the conduct of the research. The ‘universalist’ paradigm states that the purpose of the study of HRM is to improve the way that human resources are managed strategically within organisations. The aim is to improve organisational performance, as judged by its impact on the organisation’s corporate strategy (Tichy, Fombrun and Devanna, 1982; Huselid 1995, cited in Harris et al., 2003). Good HRM focuses on careful recruitment and selection methods, coupled with an effective training and development. Other contributing factors are a good communication process within the organisation, a well-defined job design, performance appraisal, and the motivation system for employees, which include performance standards, appraisal, etc. (Harris et al., 2003) The contextual paradigm searches

To what extent do lecturers & UG students at the Salford University Dissertation

To what extent do lecturers & UG students at the Salford University prefer to use social network or Black Board for the benefit - Dissertation Example Far more than a medium by which taxes can be filed and checkbooks can be balanced, computing technology has evolved in recent years to permit a level of social interactivity never before possible. The mere transmission of messages from person to person is an obvious consequence, but was already a telecommunications reality long before the onset of the digital age. Of vital consequence of the proliferation of computers becomes not simply a way to send simple text messages across any terrestrial distance, but a way in which vast groups of people, all over the world can interact with and know one another despite any challenge of geography. McLuhan in 1962 described the concept of a 'global village', (McLuhan, 1962) a new realm in which the transmission of information between individuals would accelerate in an unprecedented way. One message can be read by 10,000 people with no more cost or exertion to the original sender than the click of a button. This is a function of social media webs ites. Surveys indicate that over 50% of Europeans alone spend more than 3 hours on social network sites. (57%) (ComScore inc., 2009). For more statistics details on social media traffic see appendix section (Diagram L2). 1.2 DEFINITION AND HISTORY OF SOCIAL MEDIA In this context, a social network can be defined as an online, web based site that permits users to perform the following: 1. Create a public profile within a bounded system, though varying privacy options exist. 2. Publish a list of other users of the site for which affiliation, association, or affection exists. 3. Control their listing of connections, as well as explore the collections made by others with whom they have access as designated within the site. 4. Prepare post and share content in a variety of formats: text, video, and audio files. In the other hand other researchers have differing opinions on the validity and constitution of social media websites. Alternative definitions expand upon – for a more thoro ugh understanding of the 'nuts-and-bolts' of social media and social enterprise Moro-Soto defines such an outlet: i. Discussion forums (mandatory) ii. Blogs (mandatory) iii. Wikis iv. Instant messaging v. Videoconferencing vi. Documents sharing (mandatory) vii. Collaborative documents creation viii. Project or tasks management ix. (Moro-Soto et al. 2009 p.6) In the appendix section diagram (L1) shows the launch day for some of the social media. These functions of a networking site are more useful in the establishment of collaborative learning experiences. Efficient options for computer users are embracing a more directed purpose. Certain office related functions involving creative projects that require the expertise of many individuals would benefit from this approach, especially where the above-mentioned applications are facilitated using 'cloud' computing. 1.3 WEB 2.0 Through the internet, communication and various forms of exchange have been possible for years; but the above appl ications have been dubbed by certain researchers (Redecker) as Web 2.0. Higher level collaborative interactions and interconnectedness between individuals was not ease possible in earlier eras. The functions that comprise Web 2.0 have been defined as possessing the following utilities. (Redecker C. 2009p. 31-39), (Ala-Mutka, 2009 p.36,37): 1. blogging 2. podcasting 3. collaborative databases 4.

Enzymatic Analysis of Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase Lab Report

Enzymatic Analysis of Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase - Lab Report Example A similar experimental design was used to analyze the effect of prior presence of varying concentrations of ethanol in the reaction mixture to evaluate its effect on the recovery of MTT formazan, thereby indicating the effect of alcohol on aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Ethanol presence enhanced the alcohol dehydrogenase activity at all concentrations. A Vmax value of 0.0224Â µmol/min and Km value of 1.171 M were obtained. Alcohol dehydrogenase is the main enzyme involved in fermentation of carbohydrates for the commercial and industrial production of alcohol. It is derived from yeast, which is added to carbohydrates to induce anaerobic fermentation. Chemically, Alcohol dehydrogenase is a homotetrameric enzyme of approximately 150 kDA size which catalyses the reversible oxidation of alcohols. It is responsible for converting ethanal to ethanol and other alcohols during fermentation. Fermentation is the process in which glucose, a major constituent of all carbohydrates, undergoes glycolysis under anaerobic conditions with the resultant production of alcohol. The reaction is characterized by the regeneration of oxidized nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD+), which is essential for maintenance of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions with resultant seizure of mitochondrial respiration. Estimation of NAD+ spectrophotometrically can therefore serve as an important method of estimating and monitoring the oxidati on of ethanol. Two experiments were designed for the purpose. In the first experiment, the optimal conditions necessary for the catalytic activity of yeast dehydrogenase (yADH) were studied by first preparing yeast extract under identical conditions and then subjecting these extracts to variable factors like dilution, time, pH and temperature. The production of NADH was measured indirectly by following the reduction of 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

Written Discourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Written Discourse - Essay Example I would like to undertake more research in this area but with a large group of students and over a long period of research but for now I need to complete a simple experiment. Reading and writing are core skills taught and learnt within both first and second language classrooms and one cannot be considered as more important than the other. Reading however appears to have taken precedence over writing in recent years with numerous presentations and papers published in the area. In terms of teaching and learning of writing on the other hand, there appears to be very few papers in journals or presentations at major conferences, at least in South Korea. In light of this deficit this paper will focus on writing methodology and some of the research undertaken within the area in terms of a process approach and a product approach. From research it seems that although we teach writing formally within the classroom it does not naturally develop along a linear path but develops more in a circular or see-saw fashion, which is in line with the process approach. Literature also shows that early learners often develop their writing with the use of models, which adheres to the product approach. The lesson in this unit however, aims to combine the two approaches in an effort to both allow students to use their own initiative, trialing and feedback but at the same time provide a framework from which they can further develop their writing. Following a literature review this paper will present an experimental unit of writing comprising a series of lessons incorporating both process and product methods which was trialed in Korea. Justification for the selected activities used in the unit design will be provided along with reflection and evaluation of the trialed lessons. The â€Å"origins of the traditional product rhetoric are often said to be found in eighteenth-century Common

Non-Profit Agency World Vision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Non-Profit Agency World Vision - Essay Example The story behind its establishment is very touching.In 1947, the Reverend was on a trip to China and during that time he met Tena Hoelkedoer, a teacher. She was being accompanied by a child named White Jade, who was battered and deserted. Having no means to take care of the child on her own, the Reverend decided to give her the only money he had, which was five dollars and made an agreement with the teacher that he would be sending five dollars every month to help her in taking care of the child. This simple act of charity by Rev. Pierce is what led to the establishment of World Vision. Today World Vision is headed by Richard Stearns, who is the president of the organization. Richard Stearns and his wife have been great supports of the organization since 1984 (Stearns, 2013). Over the years the service provided by World Vision has extended to Asia, Africa, Middle East, Latin America and Eastern Europe. World Vision is today a global partnership working and providing its service to over 95 countries with more than 50 autonomous yet interdependent members and staff of 44,000 people. The main role of World Vision is providing a better and comfortable life for children and dealing with issues that concern child survival. The organization helps children to have good health, educate children, ensure children experience the great love of God and also the love offered by the rest of humanity and that children are taken well care of and are protected. It also focuses on providing community needs as a way of combating poverty.

Written Discourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Written Discourse - Essay Example I would like to undertake more research in this area but with a large group of students and over a long period of research but for now I need to complete a simple experiment. Reading and writing are core skills taught and learnt within both first and second language classrooms and one cannot be considered as more important than the other. Reading however appears to have taken precedence over writing in recent years with numerous presentations and papers published in the area. In terms of teaching and learning of writing on the other hand, there appears to be very few papers in journals or presentations at major conferences, at least in South Korea. In light of this deficit this paper will focus on writing methodology and some of the research undertaken within the area in terms of a process approach and a product approach. From research it seems that although we teach writing formally within the classroom it does not naturally develop along a linear path but develops more in a circular or see-saw fashion, which is in line with the process approach. Literature also shows that early learners often develop their writing with the use of models, which adheres to the product approach. The lesson in this unit however, aims to combine the two approaches in an effort to both allow students to use their own initiative, trialing and feedback but at the same time provide a framework from which they can further develop their writing. Following a literature review this paper will present an experimental unit of writing comprising a series of lessons incorporating both process and product methods which was trialed in Korea. Justification for the selected activities used in the unit design will be provided along with reflection and evaluation of the trialed lessons. The â€Å"origins of the traditional product rhetoric are often said to be found in eighteenth-century Common

Modern Vampirism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern Vampirism - Essay Example After they free the monkeys, the animals turn on them and bite them hence inflicting them with the virus. The virus soon becomes an epidemic afflicting anyone who comes in contact with the blood through any contact with the infected people. John Wyndham continues to spin the same post-apocalyptic tale although his zombies or vampires take on a rather an unprecedented form. The author presents the zombie character as plants called Triffids that have the ability to walk by upping their roots. However, the catastrophic attribute of these creatures is the lethal venom that they have in their sting, and it is often fatal to humans. The three depictions significantly differ from the traditional definition that almost teetered significantly toward a religious perspective. The directors and author imply that human beings were the cause of the entire affliction that they were facing. In The Omega Man, Robert Neville explains that the virus epidemic came about due to the germ warfare between R ussia and China where both sides employed biological weapons. In 28 Days Later, Jim is the main protagonist that makes a claim about the people responsible through his explanation of the events. He states that the activists had gone to set the monkeys free while the scientist was experimenting with a lethal virus capable of wiping off all trace of humanity from the face of the earth. It, therefore, suffices to say that human rights were over-zealous in their quest, and the scientists were equally guilty for summoning up the mother of plagues.

Awarness and Attitude of Primary Teachers Essay Example for Free

Awarness and Attitude of Primary Teachers Essay Child Rights: A Gist The Convention on the Rights of the Child defines basic rights of children covering multiple needs and issues. India endorsed it on December 11, 1992. Following are a few rights in the immediate purview of Smile Foundation as well as India. The right to Education: 50% of Indian children aged 6-18 do not go to school Dropout rates increase alarmingly in class III to V, its 50% for boys, 58% for girls. The right to Expression: Every child has a right to express himself freely in which ever way he likes. Majority of children however are exploited by their elders and not allowed to express. The right to Information: Every child has a right to know his basic rights and his position in the society. High incidence of illiteracy and ignorance among the deprived and underprivileged children prevents them from having access to information about them and their society. The right to Nutrition: More than 50% of Indias children are malnourished. While one in every five adolescent boys is malnourished, one in every two girls in India is undernourished. The right to Health Care: 58% of Indias children below the age of 2 years are not fully vaccinated. And 24% of these children do not receive any form of vaccination. Over 60% of children in India are anemic. 95 in every 1000 children born in India, do not see their fifth birthday. 70 in every 1000 children born in India, do not see their first birthday. The right to protection from Abuse: There are approximately 2 million child commercial sex workers between the age of 5 and 15 years and about 3.3 million between 15 and 18 years. They form 40% of the total population of commercial sex workers in India. 500,000 children are forced into this trade every year. The right to protection from Exploitation: 17 million children in India work as per official estimates. A study found that children were sent to work by compulsion and not by choice, mostly by parents, but with recruiter playing a crucial role in influencing decision. When working outside the family, children put in an average of 21 hours of labour per week. Poor and bonded families often sell their children to contractors who promise lucrative jobs in the cities and the children end up being employed in brothels, hotels and domestic work. Many run away and find a life on the streets. The right to protection from Neglect: Every child has a right to lead a well protected and secure life away from neglect. However, children working under exploitative and inhuman conditions get neglected  badly. The right to Development: Every child has the right to development that lets the child explore her/his full potential. Unfavourable living conditions of underprivileged children prevents them from growing in a free and uninhibited way. The right to Recreation: Every child has a right to spend some time on recreational pursuits like sports, entertainment and hobbies to explore and develop. Majority of poor children in India do not get time to spend on recreational activities. The right to Name Nationality: Every child has a right to identify himself with a nation. A vast majority of underprivileged children in India are treated like commodities and exported to other countries as labour or prostitutes. The right to Survival: Of the 12 million girls born in India, 3 million do not see their fifteenth birthday, and a million of them are unable to survive even their first birthday. Every sixth girl childs death is due to gender discrimination. Child Rights in India: An Introduction India is a party to the UN declaration on the Rights of the Child 1959. Accordingly, it adopted a National Policy on Children in 1974. The policy reaffirmed the constitutional provisions for adequate services to children, both before and after birth and through the period of growth to ensure their full physical, mental and social development. Accordingly, the government is taking action to review the national and state legislation and bring it in line with the provisions of the Convention. It has also developed appropriate monitoring procedures to assess progress in implementing the Convention-involving various stake holders in the society. India is also a signatory to the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children. In pursuance of the commitment made at the World Summit, the Department of Women and Child Development under the Ministry of Human Resource Development has formulated a National Plan of Action for Children. Most of the recommendations of the World Summit Action Plan are reflected in Indias National Plan of Action- keeping in mind the needs, rights and aspirations of 300 million children in the country. The priority areas in the Plan are health, nutrition, education, water, sanitation and environment. The Plan gives special consideration to children in difficult circumstances and aims at providing a framework, for actualization of the objectives of the Convention in the Indian context. Status of Children in  India Recent UNICEF (2005) report on the state of the world’s children under the title â€Å"Childhood Under Threat† , speaking about India, states that millions of Indian children are equally deprived of their rights to survival, health, nutrition, education and safe drinking water. It is reported that 63 per cent of them go to bed hungry and 53 per cent suffer from chronic malnutrition. The report says that 147 million children live in kuchcha houses, 77 million do not use drinking water from a tap, 85 million are not being immunized, 27 million are severely underweight and 33 million have never been to school. It estimates that 72 million children in India between five and 14 years do not have access to basic education. A girl child is the worst victim as she is often neglected and is discriminated against because of the preference for a boy child. National Commission for Protection of Child Rights In order to ensure child rights practices and in response to India’s commitment to UN declaration to this effect, the government of India set up a National Commission for Protection of Child Rights. The Commission is a statutory body notified under an Act of the Parliament on December 29, 2006. Besides the chairperson, it will have six members from the fields of child health, education, childcare and development, juvenile justice, children with disabilities, elimination of child labour, child psychology or sociology and laws relating to children. The Commission has the power to inquire into complaints and take suo motu notice of matters relating to deprivation of childs rights and non-implementation of laws providing for protection and development of children among other things. Aimed at examining and reviewing the safeguards provided by the law to protect child rights, the Commission will recommend measures for their effective implementation. It will suggest amendments, if needed, and look into complaints or take suo motu notice of cases of violation of the constitutional and legal rights of children. The Commission is to ensure proper enforcement of child rights and effective implementation of laws and programmes relating to children- enquiring into complaints and take suo motu  cognizance of matters relating to deprivation of child rights; non-implementation of laws providing for protection and development of children and non-compliance of policy decisions, guidelines or instructions aimed at their welfare and announcing relief for children and issuing remedial measures to the state governments. Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 Right to education From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search The right to education is a universal entitlement to education, a right that is recognized as a human right. According to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights the right to education includes the right to free, compulsory primary education for all[1], an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all, in particular by the progressive introduction of free secondary education[2], as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education, ideally by the progressive introduction of free higher education.[3] The right to education also includes a responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not completed primary education. In addition to these access to education provisions, the right to education encompasses the obligation to rule out discrimination at all levels of the educational system, to set minimum standards and to improve quality of education. [4] International legal basis The right to education is law in Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Articles 200 and 14 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.[5][6][7] The right to education has been reaffirmed in the 1960 UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education and the 1981 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.[8] In Europe, Article 2 of the first Protocol of 20 March 1952 to the European Convention on Human Rights states that the right to education is recognized as a human right and is understood to establish an entitlement to education. According to the International  Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the right to education includes the right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all in particular by the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education in particular by the progressive introduction of free higher education. The right to education also includes a responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not completed primary education. In addition to these access to education provisions, the right to education encompasses also the obligation to eliminate discrimination at all levels of the educational system, to set minimum standards and to improve quality. The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg has applied this norm for example in the Belgian linguistic case.[9] Article 10 of the European Social Charter guarantees the ri ght to vocational education. [10] Definition Education narrowly refers to formal institutional instructions. Generally, international instruments use the term in this sense and the right to education, as protected by international human rights instruments, refers primarily to education in a narrow sense. The 1960 UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education defines education in Article 1(2) as: all types and levels of education, (including) access to education, the standard and quality of education, and the conditions under which it is given.[11] In a wider sense education may describe all activities by which a human group transmits to its descendants a body of knowledge and skills and a moral code which enable the group to subsist.[11] In this sense education refers to the transmission to a subsequent generation of those skills needed to perform tasks of daily living, and further passing on the social, cultural, spiritual and philosophical values of the particular community. The wider meaning of education has been recognised in Article 1(a) of UNESCOs 1974 Recommendation concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.[12] The article states that education implies: the entire process of social life by means of which individuals and social groups learn to develop consciously within, and for the benefit of, the national and international communities, the whole of their personal  capabilities, attitudes, aptitudes and knowledge.[11] The European Court of Human Rights has defined education in a narrow sense as teaching or instructions in particular to the transmission of knowledge and to intellectual development and in a wider sense as the whole process whereby, in any society, adults endeavour to transmit their beliefs, culture and other values to the young. [11] Assessment of fulfilment The fulfilment of the right to education can be assessed using the 4 As framework, which asserts that for education to be a meaningful right it must be available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable. The 4 As framework was developed by the former UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education, Katarina Tomasevski, but is not necessarily the standard used in every international human rights instrument and hence not a generic guide to how the right to education is treated under national law.[13] The 4 As framework proposes that governments, as the prime duty-bearer, has to respect, protect and fulfil the right to education by making education available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable. The framework also places duties on other stakeholders in the education process: the child, which as the privileged subject of the right to education has the duty to comply with compulsory education requirements, the parents as the ‘first educators’, and professional educators, namely teachers.[13] The 4 As have been further elaborated as follows:[14] * Availability – funded by governments, education is universal, free and compulsory. There should be proper infrastructure and facilities in place with adequate books and materials for students. Buildings should meet both safety and sanitation standards, such as having clean drinking water. Active recruitment, proper training and appropriate retention methods should ensure that enough qualified staff is available at each school. [15] * Accessibility – all children should have equal access to school services regardless of gender, race, religion, ethnicity or socio-economic status. Efforts should be made to ensure the inclusion of marginalized groups including children of refugees, the homeless or those with disabilities. There should be no forms of segregation or denial of access to any students. This includes ensuring that proper laws are in place against any child  labour or exploitation to prevent children from obtaining primary or secondary education. Schools must be within a reasonable distance for children within the community, otherwise transportation should be provided to students, particularly those that might live in rural areas, to ensure ways to school are safe and convenient. Education should be affordable to all, with textbooks, supplies and uniforms provided to students at no additional costs. [16] * Acceptability – the quality of education provided should be free of discrimination, relevant and culturally appropriate for all students. Students should not be expected to conform to any specific religious or ideological views. Methods of teaching should be objective and unbiased and material available should reflect a wide array of ideas and beliefs. Health and safety should be emphasized within schools including the elimination of any forms of corporal punishment. Professionalism of staff and teachers should be maintained.[17] * Adaptability – educational programs should be flexible and able to adjust according to societal changes and the needs of the community. Observance of religious or cultural holidays should be respected by schools in order to accommodate students, along with providing adequate care to those students with disabilities. [18] A number of international NGOs and charities work to realise the right to education using a rights-based approach to development.[citation needed] Historical development In Europe, before the Enlightenment of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, education was the responsibility of parents and the church. With the French and American Revolution education was established also as a public function. It was thought that the state, by assuming a more active role in the sphere of education, could help to make education available and accessible to all. Education had thus far been primarily available to the upper social classes and public education was perceived as a means of realising the egalitarian ideals underlining both revolutions.[19] However, neither the American Declaration of Independence (1776) nor the French Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) protected the right to education as the liberal concepts of human rights in the nineteenth century envisaged that parents retained the primary duty for providing education to their children. It was the states obligation to ensure that parents complied with this duty, and many states  enacted legislat ion making school attendance compulsory. Furthermore child labour laws were enacted to limit the number of hours per day children could be employed, to ensure children would attend school. States also became involved in the legal regulation of curricula and established minimum educational standards.[20] In On Liberty John Stuart Mill wrote that an education established and controlled by the State should only exist, if it exists at all, as one among many competing experiments, carried on for the purpose of example and stimulus to keep the others up to a certain standard of excellence. Liberal thinkers of the nineteenth century pointed to the dangers to too much state involvement in the sphere of education, but relied on state intervention to reduce the dominance of the church, and to protect the right to education of children against their own parents. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, educational rights were included in domestic bills of rights.[21] The 1849 Paulskirchenverfassung, the constitution of the German Empire, strongly influenced subsequent European constitutions and devoted Article 152 to 158 of its bill of rights to education. The constitution recognised education as a function of the state, independent of the church. Remarkable at the time, the constitution proclaimed the right to free education for the poor, but the constitution did not explicitly require the state to set up educational institutions. Instead the constitution protected the rights of citizens to found and operate schools and to provide home education. The constitution also provided for freedom of science and teaching, and it guaranteed the right of everybody to choose a vocation and train for it.[22] The nineteenth century also saw the development of socialist theory, which held that the primary task of the state was to ensure the economic and social well-being of the community through government intervention and regulation. Socialist theory recognised that individuals had claims to basic welfare services against the state and education was viewed as one of these welfare entitlements. This was in contrast to liberal theory at the time, which regarded non-state actors as the prime providers of education. Socialist ideals were enshrined in the 1936 Soviet Constitution, which was the first constitution to recognise the right to education with a corresponding obligation of the state to provide such education. The constitution guaranteed free and compulsory education at all levels, a system of state scholarships and vocational training in state  enterprises. Subsequently the right to education featured strongly in the constitutions of socialist states.[23] As a political goal, right to education was declared in F. D. Roosevelts 1944 speech on the Second Bill of Rights. Implementation International law does not protect the right to pre-primary education and international documents generally omit references to education at this level.[24] The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to education, hence the right applies to all individuals, although children are understood as the main beneficiaries.[25] The rights to education are separated into three levels: * Primary (Elemental or Fundamental) Education. This shall be compulsory and free for any child regardless of their nationality, gender, place of birth, or any other discrimination. Upon ratifying the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights States must provide free primary education within two years. * Secondary (or Elementary, Technical and Professional in the UDHR) Education must be generally available and accessible. * Higher Education (at the University Level) should be provided according to capacity. That is, anyone who meets the necessary education standards should be able to go to university. Both secondary and higher education shall be made accessible by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education. [26] Compulsory education The realisation of the right to education on a national level may be achieved through compulsory education, or more specifically free compulsory primary education, as stated in both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.[27][28] Action For Children (AFC) Action for Children (AFC) conceptualised by Wild Ganzen and supported by Net4Kids and Kids Rights aims at involving privileged citizens, civil society groups and various institutions including corporates in the development process. This programme supported by the Dutch Government promoted consortium (Wild Ganzen, Net4Kids and Kids Rights) has given a boost to the initiative. The programme is being implemented in three developing economies of the world namely Brazil, South Africa and India. Smile Foundation joined hands with the Consortium in April 2008 and since then has been executing the programme in India. The objective is to stimulate more fortunate mass to be a part of the development process and ensure sustainability of grassroots initiatives across India. Through AFC, Smile Foundation encourages people to ‘stand up and act’ to bring a change in the lives of underprivileged children and youth. Action For Children is based on the concept that development is a people’s issue and not just the government’s concern. With this premise, the Foundation has been striving to build a civil society that owes responsibility for societal development and participate whole-heartedly in transforming the lives of underprivileged children. Through AFC, Smile Foundation encourages individuals, civil society groups, corporate houses, professional associations, schools, colleges, youth wings to participate in the development process. The Action for Children programme sensitizes and involves the fortunate mass through: 1. Local Actions Local Action connotes organizing an event to raise funds for a child centric project. It can be organised by individuals, groups and institutions in their region. Local action aims at sensitization and consequent involvement of the privileged mass in raising funds for children through various activities 2. KidsXL KidsXL is a school exchange programme wherein children of privileged school and underprivileged school are brought together under one platform. Several interactive sessions and special activities are organized for the children. KidsXL aims at bringing the children from both the segments closer, thereby reducing social disparities. In the process, the children also learn to be sensitive and responsible towards the society 3. Media Advocacy The aim is to involve media in creating awareness among the people and advocating the cause before a wide audience. The Foundation sensitizes  people through documentaries, Public Service Advertisements, news features, advocacy campaigns, rallies etc. 4. Corporate Social Responsibility CSR aims at sensitising and involving corporates in the development process. It gives the corporates an opportunity to give back to the society. It is based on a partnership model wherein corporates partner with Smile Foundation either to support the whole or a part of capital cost or running cost of a child centric project. The inherent objective of the programme is to ensure that the development activities become locally sustainable.

Oral Health Promotion Health And Social Care Essay

Oral Health Promotion Health And Social Care Essay The future of Oral Health within the community is no longer just dependent exclusively on the oral health professional. Rather the necessity is evident to involve the Allies of Health within oral health promotion. The old emphasis on just treatment needs to be removed as it hasnt made a significant reduction in the incidences experienced by an individual as a result of their own oral health problems(NSW Department of Health., 2006). Hence new approach is necceisary, where oral health promotion has been made to help people come to overall health instead of just the illness itself. This new form of oral health promotion aims to have a more of an overall health concentration by considering the determinants of health such as social, environmental, economical and behavioural and the collaboration with allies of health. The Role of each allied health worker and preventative strategies in addressing community health problems allied health professionals are important assets for oral health professionals e.g: pharmacist, speech pathologist, child and family nurses and drug and alcohol service personnel. These allied health workers have a responsibility in oral health promotion as well as having a idiosyncratic role themselves as an allied health worker. Pharmacists have a primary role in the distribution of medications to patients that have been prescribed to them. They play an imperative element in providing patients information by advising patients of the different types of medications available, dosages, and any adverse side effects that the medication may cause and most importantly to ensure the safe and effective use of the medication. They are also at the first point of contact for any questions or queries by the patients who has concerns about health in general and sometimes the first to be approached to find remedies to solve common health issues(Kritikos, 2011). hence the vital need for a pharmacist to be able to educate the community and help manage the health of patients to help improve the result for each individual patient. Some strategies include: Pamphlets and advice about drugs and interactions Initial assessment of general health and recommendations to achieving healthy living Smoking cessation programs Referral pathways options Another example of allied health workers is Speech pathologists. The main roles of speech pathologists are the assessment and/or treatment of individuals who endure speech disabilities. They work closely with these individuals to help with their communication ranging from speech, writing, signs, symbols or gestures(Cowell, 2011). They are also responsible for working with patients who have problems eating and drinking. Speech pathologists are often seen at schools, nursing homes, hospitals, rehabilitation centers and community health centers. Many strategies are created by speech pathologists to provide information as well as therapy which is important in refrence to early intervention of communication problems(Speech Pathology Australia., 2011). Examples of strategies include: Careful assessment and diagnosis of swallowing programs Management and techniques to Promotion of effective communication Promotion of safe eating practices as well as dietary alternatives Referral pathway options Early Childhood Community Nurses help and work with parents raising a child in the early few years of life. Ensuring that the child is healthy and doing a variety of tests to see if the child is functioning to a satisfactory level by early identification of deviations from the normal and facilitation of interventions to reduce their impact and support parents in having their children ready for life and learning at school entry. With the nurses either conducting home visiting of 1-4 week olds or parents bringing child into the community health centres and using the My first health record blue book the childs progress and development can be monitored as well as detecting anything of concern early. Such as hearing, vision, growth/weight (BMI), immunisation and other programs such as Lift the lip/See me smile. By using screening and surveillance the Nurse, the child and its environment can be seen and the nurse can help with changing it with the family to make sure the child is in the be st environment achievable.(Mackenzie J and Horswell N., 2011). Key preventive strategies for health include: Screening and immunization Parenting groups Breast feeding clinics Home visiting to newborns and continual support for those who are identified as high risk Involvement in campaigns Lip the lip campaign; Initiative to detect early child hood caries Referral pathway options Drug and alcohol service workers are also allied health professionals who offer services that include detoxification, consultation liaisons, abstinence maintenance programs, psychology support and referral to other agencies (Lutz, 2011). They help individuals keep in good health as those who require help perceive health as an issue of little importance therefore placing them at a higher risk of chronic disease. The drug and alcohol services aim is to assist in controlling illnesses related to drugs and alcoholic abuse, and in the long term decrease the usage of said substances till ultimate long term abstienence. This creates a better outlook on the persons general health (Victorian Auditor General., 2011). Key strategies which the drug and alcohol services implement include: Involvement in campaigns Great Whites, Oral health Program Family Drug Helpline Counseling Services Rehabilitation and abstinence programs Pharmacotherapy; methadone clinics Referral pathway options These allied health professionals are vital for oral health promotion as their primary roles allow them to have initial contact to a variety of the community. Oral health professionals can make use of this to integrate oral health messages by communication and networking to reach the general population as well as certain target groups at risk. Communication and Networking Oral health promotion is usually targeted at cohorts within the community which include the whole population, prenatal, infants and preschoolers, school aged children and adolescents, young adults, low income earners, the elderly and rural and remote communities. Communication and networking is vital to construct relations within the allied health workers who provide services for these groups in order to maintain encouragement for oral health. Communication and networking between oral health professionals and pharmacists can address oral health issues of the community. Issues which oral health professional must guarantee the pharmacist understands include the option non-xerostomic medication and how to this can affect oral health especially in the elderly and the need for mouth guards for physical sport to prevent trauma in young adults. With this information the pharmacist is able to educate and guide the patient to better decisions which will affect their oral health and the pharmacist is able to provide referrals to oral health practioners. The communication works in both directions as pharmacist also provide the oral health team with information on drug interactions and if there can be any concerns when providing dental treatment as well as education for the safe prescription of antibiotics in order to maintain a good balance of health. Speech pathologists as a part of their role also deal with patients whom have difficulty communicating as well as swallowing and drinking problems. They play an significant position in the early detection of communicational problems which may affect overall health for infants by distributing information to parents on what to do. Also they help the elderly who may require support with swallowing and drinking problems. Hence it is imperative for oral health professionals to work in association with these allied health workers as they have direct contact with patients whom display dental anomalies such as cleft lip and palate as well as the elderly who may have a reduced functioning dentition. The inter-communications will allow for improved help for conditions by adopting strategies to provide help and education about the importance oral health. Child and family health nurses provide support, education and information for new parents. This support is helpful for the education and the promotion of health which can be implemented at the young ages of the child. Communication between oral health professionals and child and family health nurses will assist in the creation of healthy habits which are established early providing the greatest opportunity for good health in the future and in particular early childhood caries. It is essential to create communication with the child and family nurses so that oral health becomes a early message to the families and children. it is important to detect those at risk early rather than when addressing oral health issues once intervention treatment is required. Drug and alcohol services are available to a wide range of the population and people of various ages in aspects such as drug education, addiction counseling and abstaining programs. Oral health professionals need to include this into the oral health promotion by collaborating with the drug and alcohol services. Oral health messages are vital in regards to drugs and alcohol education as the effects of some drugs also have adverse effects on the paitents oral health. Thereby creating communicational networks will create the ability for sufficient education and information that is available to people by the drug and alcohol service, and when it is neccissary to refer them to an oral health professional. By creating these communicational pathways with the allied health workers, the spread of oral health promotional programs will be distributed throughout the community. This leads to a larger recognition of the need for adequate oral health. This mutual support will help not only oral health but all other aspects of the allied health industry, thereby giving the individual the best help possible. The difference between Health Education and Health Promotion Most people within the community are confused and have trouble differentiating between health educatin and health promotion. There needs to be a obvious and clear difference between the two to enable oral health professionals to make health promotion programs. Health education involves educating individuals to recognize the determinants of health. It provides individual autonomy letting them better their own health by creating their own health plans by increasing knowledge which in turn lead to better attitudes which will lead to appropriate behavior changes (World Health Organization., 2011). Health education is an important part of but not the sum of health promotion. Health promotion integrates the choice of the individual but extends more than this to also include the social responsibilities of health. Health promotion thus also includes health prevention and health protection. Health prevention known as when the risk of disease is reduced through preventing incidence, using interventions which may alter development of disease or rehabilitation of a patient to a level of health that has a slim chance of having a relapse. The aim of health protection is to inhibit poor health by improving the communities living and working conditions. hence health promotion is a holistic approach to health not just focusing on the illness but also concerned with the social and environmental determinants of health(World Health Organization., 2011). as a result of this, to have successful oral health promotion, we as oral health professionals must look beyond just the oral cavity, and look at the overall health of the individual. Therefore it is imperitive to include the allies of health within the oral healh ptomotion to have an equal level of physica, mental and social wellbeing, not just being free from symptoms of disease. This is attained by amalgamation of the common risk factor approach. Incorporation of the Common Risk Factor Approach Allies of health need to be involved in oral health promotion as this can make sure that there is a uniformity within the messages being spread out to the community. The integration of the common risk factors approach helps ensure this, as it is realized many illnesses share similar risk factors. By dealing with these risk factors in health promotion programs can be made to maximize health outcomes. controllable risk factors equate to 32% of Australias total incidence illnesses. The risk factors that affect poor oral health included diet, hygiene, smoking, alcohol and drug use, stress and trauma which are also common for other chronic diseases. If these factors are not managed, it will be difficult to assits the individual find health. Examples of these risk factors include smoking which costs up to 5.7 billion a year in lost productivity or alcohol which contributes to 1.9 million in health effects(The Pharmacy Guild of Australia., 2010). As there are various risk factors that affect ones oral health, it is best to collaborate with the Allies of Health to gain help for the risk factors instead of relying only on the oral health professional to help for all risk factors. Equipped with the multiple health services, individuals are able be given all help possible to help reach good health as well as good oral health. (Sheiham A, 2000) Allies of health are able to give specialized advice in their own field, e.g pharmacist can show a non-xerostomic drug or educational pamphlets that the pharmacist can provide regarding smoking cessation and alcohol use. Speech pathologists can help with issues with eating food. The early childhood nurse is able to provide advice about a childs teeth by lifting the lip, diet information and also the management of stress such as post-partum/anti-natal depression. The Drug and Alcohol program is able to give help to assist individuals find control over their addiction. Integration of the 5 principles of the Ottawa Charter Health promotion is based around the Ottawa Charter, this is no different for oral health promotion. To be successful the health promotion must incorporate 5 key principals: Building healthy public policy Create supportive environments Strengthening community action Developing personal skills Re-orientating health services Health promotion is the mutual work of what health is, income and social policies that provide equality to everyone. Oral Health promotion consists of the allies of health that assist in creating a healthy public policy. The joint work of the allies of health assists in identifying the factors that create bad oral health, and how to remove said factors. An example is the Early Childhood nurse, who provides new parents a My First Health Record (Blue Book).An Oral Health example could be that, an oral health professional may be the first see the signs of smoking or drug abuse. Advice can be given but a referral to another area of the allies of health such as the drug and alcohol service is the ultimate goal. Health promotion can only exist if there is a good amount of cooperation within the community and between the alied health workers. Information received from an oral health professional is usually received in short unreggular times as it is usually during appointments they have contact. Therefore the importance is evident for allied health workers to assist each other in promoting not only oral health but all aspects of health. for example an oral health professional reffering a patient to a drug and alcohol worker or an pharmacist providing information on non-xerostomic alternatives to medicines they have. Health promotion is not a task that can be done by a solitary organization. It is the multiple health services correspondantivly working together i.e allies of health. The allies of health that consists of the mutual work between the services that allows for proper health promotion to occur. True health promotion is an understanding that its not only being free from illness, it is that an individuals holistic health is of a adequate level. Hence the vital point that all allies of health must work together to not only treat e.g the oral cavity but also provide information for smoking cessation at the same time, providing insight and information of the illnesses one can contract. Hence it is not solely the oral health professionals responsibility to promote oral health, but it is also the role of all areas of the allies of health. In conclusion it is consequently fundamental to involve allies of health in oral health promotion because by recognizing their roles within the community, oral health professionals can work together with other allies of health e.g drug and alcohol services to detract from only health education and enter a health promotionary phase. This will enable all the allies of health to have a higher success rate by being thoughtful to the common risk factors approach to health promotion thereby following the principals of the ottowa charter. As it is known, it cannot be done alone. It can only be done with allies.

New Roots for Agricultural Technology Essay -- Agriculture Farm Farmin

New Roots for Agricultural Technology "There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings." So begins the excerpt in Pojman from Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. Carson asks us to envision the human ecological harmony that may be the ultimate fantasy of most environmentalists. This allows us to refresh our vision and strengthen our inspiration to fight for this ideal, as she then describes the possibilities of destruction which may await this community. Her imagery reminds us why our struggle for a better life is important, ethical and justified. The writers of the articles that follow dismiss this envisioning as "lyrical hysteria" (Ray and Guzzo) and try to persuade us that our well-reasoned goals are emotional, unfounded preferences. They distract us with the uncertainty of statistical studies, without taking a deep look at the roots of the misdirected technologies that are modern agriculture. Carson, on the other hand, like Japanese ex-microbiologist and farmer M asanobu Fukuoka, seeks more sophisticated analyses of the present need for technology like pesticides, and a truly better alternative. Fukuoka has well shown that natural farming is better than modern farming, not because it measures up in scientific tests of productivity (which it does), but because its basis is ethical, non-violent, and desirable for humans and our environment. Why are we faced with the painful tradeoffs between the harmful and useful effects of pesticides, rather than the question of why we depend on them so much in the first place? We need to question the culture that directs the science we use to develop our technology. Both Carson and Pimentel describe how scientific farming, that is... ...sion may be trying to prevent us from exploring the peoples' underlying motivation for action, as Fumento tries when he ridicules those "besiegers" who challenge modern science. In combating these simplified dialogues that silence innovation, I think our discussion of ethics is on the right track. We must approach the development and use of agricultural production technology with our well-reasoned decisions why working with nature is better than dominating it. There is more to ethical decisions than proving that Alar does not poison children. We must find a way to incorporate into the sciences that create our technologies the ethical intentions that drive parents to fight against agricultural chemicals. Work Cited: Boserup, Ester. 1966. The conditions of agricultural growth: economics of agrarian change under population pressure. Chicago, Aldine Pub. Co.

Functional: Management and Business Essay

There are several functional areas within the business world today that managers use to make certain that their businesses run successfully. The functions approach provides four major functional areas in the business world. The four functions include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The functional areas in the functions approach are vitally important when concerning operating a business. The two functional areas most important for managers when creating a business would be the planning and organizational areas. Planning is by far the most important functional area in business that managers can follow. I believe this because without proper planning whether in business or anything in general if proper planning is not laid out managers may run into short-term or long-term obstacles that could cause the business to suffer and perhaps even go under. Managers must know what organizational goals they have for the business and must be able to implement planning to target those goals. Managers must plan to provide direction and reduce uncertainty (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Planning for managers involves setting short-term and long-term goals, establishing strategies, and developing plans to coordinate activities (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Planning helps managers to minimize and to eliminate problems foreseen within the business. Planning is the foundation that a business is built upon. Because of the uncertainty involved with planning, the plan must be updated as information is gathered and changes take place (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). Proper planning gives management and businesses the opportunity to determine what the desired outcome should be and how to go about achieving that desired outcome. While planning managers must not only be sensitive to their needs but also to the needs of their employees. It is very necessary to take into account not only the future but also the present as well. I believe that many times managers make the mistake by planning to far in advance and missing opportunities for growth and development in the now. This is why establishing short-term and long-term goals are important. Because long-range planning is a continual process, it should be periodically reviewed and revised (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). The types of goals taken into consideration include financial goals, which relates to a business’s financial performance, strategic goals that relates to other areas of a business’s performance, stated goals are those goals explicitly stated by an organization, and real goals that an organization wishes to accomplish and actively pursues (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Those charged with the responsibility for the plan must determine if the company’s performance and other happenings are compatible with the plan (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). Strategically planning each step in a business could have much to do with the successes and failures of the business. I believe that most business that fail do so because managers lack the necessary skills of preparation and planning. When management fails to plan strategically a business has the capabilities to run into problems with organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning can only be a useful managerial function if objectives are properly chosen (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). Types of plans that managers must take into consideration would include strategic plans. Strategic plans are broad and apply to the organization and help establish the organization’s goals. The second type of plans is operational plans. Operational plans are narrow and relate to a specific business area, long-term plans generally tend to be more than three years long, short-term plans that will be achieved within a year or less, specific plans are plans that do not permit for ambiguity and work well with low levels of uncertainty, flexible directional plans that accommodate high levels of uncertainty, single-use plans focus one specific project or to achieve a specific goals, and standing plans put in place for a fair amount of time such as policies and procedures (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). Planning goes hand-in-hand with the organizing function of a business’s success. With proper planning of a business this gives room for better organization of the business. Organizing a business would involve determining what is to be done, how it will be done, and who is to do it. If a business has proper planning the functional area of organization has no other choice but to fall in place. Organizational structure issues include (1) how structure will affect communications within and outside, (2) how much centralizations is desired, and (3) how projects will be planned (Adler, MacDonald, & McDonald, 1992). If management has evaluated and implemented the proper planning and organizing techniques I do not see any reason that a business should suffer. I believe that if a management implements these two functional areas within their business that leading and controlling would be no issue. With the planning aspect managers know who will lead in the organization and managers also know what will be done and how the job will be done. Organizing also optimizes the communication and achievement of strategic objectives (Adler, MacDonald, & McDonald, 1992). All functional areas are important and I believe that every business should incorporate them to be successful. However, with strong planning and organizing with a business there is a better chance of much success and less barriers and obstacles down the line. In conclusion every area of the functions of management is important. Some areas take more time and consideration than others. Without proper planning and organization a business will suffer. Every business and manager must stay focused and keep in mind what the goals and desired outcomes are. In keeping goals in mind this will help managers plan and organize their business.